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A sermon by the Very Reverend Sam Candler
Atlanta, Georgia
Proper 27A
Luke 20:27-38
"In the resurrection from the dead they neither marry nor are given in marriage.
,God is God not of the dead, but of the living." -- Luke 20.35, 38
,God is God not of the dead, but of the living." -- Luke 20.35, 38
Is Jesus really interested in marriage?
I do not mean was he interested in getting married! Contrary to the idle tale that seems to titillate us every generation, Jesus was not married himself. In fact, neither Jesus nor Paul"”easily the two greatest figures of early Christianity"”was married.
No, I mean, "Was Jesus interested in the subject of marriage?" Not including today's gospel, Jesus mentions marriage only once, and that was when some Pharisees were actually asking him about divorce (Matthew 19). It was there that Jesus quotes Genesis 2.24 and says, "For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife."
Other than that relatively minor instance, Jesus does not actually talk about marriage. Let me point out something critically important about today's gospel; it is generally agreed that the matter on which the Sadducees test him today is not marriage. Instead, the Sadducees are really trying to argue logically against the doctrine of resurrection.
It helps to have some background information, some data about who the Sadducees actually were. Unfortunately, we tend to group all the enemies of Jesus together. Since he sometimes grouped the Pharisees and the Sadducees together in his condemnations, we tend to think they were generally the same sorts of people.
But they weren't. They were two different groups, and it was the Sadducees who were far more conservative than the Pharisees. In fact, we might say they were the fundamentalists of the Jewish groups, and the Pharisees were actually considered progressive and more liberal than the Sadducees.
A key reason for this difference between the two groups was the different scripture they regarded as authoritative. The Sadducees regarded only the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch, as authoritative; that was the Torah, the Mosaic Law. The Pharisees, though, were much more liberal; they regarded newer writings also as scriptural, writings like the Psalms, the Prophets, and even some Wisdom literature. The Pharisees were progressive!
Now, those newer elements of the scriptures actually do contain some hints, some notions, of resurrection and the afterlife. Thus, the Pharisees, in general, believed in some sort of resurrection. The first five books of the Bible, do not give any indication of resurrection and afterlife whatsoever; thus, the Sadducees did not believe in Resurrection.
My grandmother used to ask this question: Do you know why the opponents of Jesus were so unhappy? "Because they were so Sad-you-see."
So, in this bible passage, the Sadducees are not really interested in marriage; they are actually putting Jesus to the test. They are asking him a hypothetical question in order to disprove his believe in resurrection and the afterlife. In fact, they are rather taunting him!
If resurrection were true, they claim, consider how logically absurd it would be if a woman had seven perfectly legal marriages on earth and then died. Whose wife would the woman be in the resurrection?
As is usual with Jesus, he does not answer directly the question of his accusers. (Remember, when folks are accusing you, sometimes there is no answer to the types of questions they ask! They frame the question wrongly!)
This question is not answered by Jesus. He says simply that the kingdom of heaven, the resurrection, is larger than our structures of marriage. He knows that the real question, the real test he is receiving, is not about marriage, but about resurrection. It turns out that Jesus, too, is not interested in marriage. Jesus is interested in resurrection.
I believe that Jesus is still interested in resurrection. Thus, resurrection should be the subject that interests us. What do people really believe today? Do people believe in resurrection today?
We might think that the folks who do not believe in resurrection are the atheists, and especially these "new age" atheists whose books are popular now. But I propose that it is not the new age atheists who do not believe in resurrection. There may be many Christians who do not believe in resurrection.
For the doctrine of resurrection is not simply a doctrine about Jesus, though we do believe that Jesus was raised. And the doctrine of the resurrection is not simply a doctrine about what happens to us when our physical bodies stop operating.
No, the doctrine of resurrection is really a doctrine about what happens now, what happens when we wake up tomorrow. To believe in the resurrection means to live in hope. No matter what changes in our lives, no matter what adjustments we must make in life"”resurrection means that there is always hope, there is always new life. The doctrine of resurrection is that no matter how tragic life is, no matter what kind of death we face, there is always new life. To deny the resurrection is to abandon hope, to give up on life itself.
Therefore, the doctrine of resurrection affects everything we do in this life, in this life of change after change. And the doctrine of resurrection certainly affects every relationship we have in life, including marriage.
I do not believe that Jesus speaks specifically about how to structure a marriage, but he does seem to say that any commitment, and thus any marriage, is about holding on to life, holding on to hope, for the future.
The woman in today's hypothetical test case had been married seven times. But I have a confession to make today that is not hypothetical. I have been married seven times myself! In fact, I may have been married many more times than just seven times. I have been married to the same woman for thirty-three years, but I think I have married her many times.
I have married her many times because, during our years together, we have changed a great deal. And we have changed together. Every time we change, we must find a way to re-commit ourselves to each other. Every time we had a baby. Every time we moved to another house. Every time we took another job. Every time someone moved in. Every time someone moved out. (And they move in a lot!) Every time we cooked a dinner together. Every time we negotiated who would wash the dishes (usually her!).
Relationships are about holding on to each other in the midst of change and also in the midst of routine. And every time any of us re-negotiate our lives together, we go through something like another resurrection together. We decide to hold on to each other. We commit ourselves, again, to each other.
We do this because we believe in resurrection. We believe in hope, no matter what the issue is, no matter what it is that has changed. No matter what may have died, there is always the possibility that new life will be reborn. Something dies, and something is re-born. That is resurrection! This is how the prophet Haggai can say, in today's Old Testament lesson, "And the latter splendor of this house shall be greater than the former" (Haggai 2:9).
So, is Jesus really interested in marriage? Yes, Jesus is really interested in marriage; because Jesus is interested in commitments of hope. Jesus is interested in commitments of new life together.
I don't' think Jesus is not interested in the "after-life" at all. Jesus is really interested in the "Now" life"”the life of here and now.
Sure, it is hard to imagine what all our earthly relationships will be like in the afterlife. There is no way to answer hypothetical questions about what families or marriages or churches will look like in the afterlife? Who knows how we will eat or drink, for that matter?
What we do know, is that these structures and institutions here on earth"”these families and marriages and banquets and feasts and even these simply communion services"”these are all opportunities for resurrection. They are opportunities for us, here on earth, to receive a foretaste of the age to come. These are all opportunities for us to believe that God is the God not of the dead, but of the living. God is interested in the "Now" life!
If we practice hope and renewed commitment in the midst of the most dramatic changes, if we taste enough new life here on earth, if we can wake up every morning, determined to taste resurrection again today, then we will certainly be prepared for that eternal resurrection, that heavenly home, and "the latter splendor of this house shall be greater then the former."
AMEN.
The Very Reverend Samuel G. Candler
Dean of the Cathedral of St. Philip